Ilanga Lwesimo Ngenhla Yezilo Lwesivicele Sodwa Kube Ngaphandle Kwesicwangciso

Iziphumo Zokuthinta kwi-DDR4 ngo Server Parallelism

Bank Grouping: Ukubuyisela Amaphatho Okufakelwayo Kwememe

Ukuqashwa kwezinkundla mu DDR4 ikhange indlela etholeni ngokuthiwa kuzinkundla zokugcinwa, kuthula ukucindezela nasekuphazeni kwendawo yokusebenza. Izigaba lesevisi ziyothola kakhulu le nto ngoba zidinga ukuphatha amathredu amaningi fanye nezindawo ezisebenza ngokushesha. Xa idatha ikhona ngokushesha, konke kusebenza ngokuvulindle, ngakho ke amakhulu mengceke asebenzisa izinhlobo zokugcinwa ze DDR4. Izivivinyo ezithile zekubonise ukuthuba okungu-20% ekuhleleni kwamathaski ethile ngemuva kokusebenzisa ukuqashwa kwezinkundla, bonisa ngokubonakalayo ukuthi indawo yokusebenza iphazamisa kanjani ukulayisha kahle kwezinhlobo.

ukusebenza kwe-1.2V: Ukubalaseka kokuphakamisa ukufaka nokusenzeniso

Ukuqondisa kwi-standadu ye-1.2V ye-DDR4 yememori ikuncana ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa amandla ngokuncane noma ukuphumelela kwezinhlelo. Kuhulumeni nezitekitheni ezedlule, i-DDR4 isebenza ngokusebenzisa amandla angaphezulu okungathi asuke asimame amandla. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-data centers amakhulu ngoba ukumelana namandla kuyakhipha imali ebalwe kumali. Kunezinye izinombolo eziqinisekisa ukuthi izinkampani zingakhipha izindleko zokusebenza ngenkathi engu-30% ngokuthi ke kuzo lokhu amandla aphezulu. Lo msebenzi wokuphela kwangaphandle kwenza ukuthi ukushisa kube yimali. Iziqephu zilinda phansi xa isebenza ngemva ngaphandle kokushisa okuphakeme kakhulu ngoba asuke asimame ukushisa ngokujwayele. Lokhu kwenza siqephu sonke sisebenze ngokuthuthukela ngemva.

Ukuphakama Kwemibuzo Engaphezulu Nge-Multi-Core

Ukucushwa kwe-DDR4 kubangela ukulula kwezinhloso okusezinye izinhlobo zokusebenza ngokushesha kwezinhlamvu futhi kusebenza ngokulungile kakhulu ngezinhlobo zokusebenza zangaphambili. Ngenani elikhulu lamachaneli edluliswe kuhlakweni, i-DDR4 ikuvumela ukuguqula izinhlobo ngokucacile, kubangela ukuthi amasewa ayisela ngokushesha xa kusebenzela nezinkimbinkimbi eziningi. Izivivinyo zokusebenza zekhombisa ukuthi izinhlobo nezinhlobo zokulula eziqondile ziyisela ngokuphelelela kuhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezi-15% ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezi-D3 ezedwa. Kuye kubantu bonke abasebenzisa izinhlobo zokusebenza ezinhle kakhulu noma amadatha amakhulu, leli qondo lokuqondile luyisela ngokukhulu xa kusebenzela nezifayili ezikhulu futhi nezibalo ezinhle ezithi ziyisela kakhulu kulo msebenzi wasekhaya nje.

Izindlela Zokubuyekeza Izinkinga Nge-Error Nokuhlola Okuthumele

Ukuproteketa Okuthile Kwe-Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)

I-Cyclic Redundancy Check, okuwayo i-CRC, isetshenziswa njengesicaba esibalulekileyo kulayini we-DDR4 ukuthola imiposhile ngaphambi kokuba kuzomele. Noma kunjalo, amadatha amabileni angathintsana ngezinga lokuhambisa, okungaba yinkolo ethile kumasevisi esebenzisa ulwazi olungasebenziwa ngelinye ilanga. Izivivinyo zokudlala zibonisa ukuthi izinhlelo zisetshenzisa i-CRC zinezinkinga ezingaphansi kwezinhlelo ezingena ngazo, okuvunywa ukuthi zonke izinto zihambisane ngendlela efanele ngokudlule kwezinsuku. Xa kuthunyelwe nezinye iindlela zokuhlinzela imiposhile, i-CRC ikwaqwa esinye kwezokudla ukuthi abakhululekile bethi yindlela ejwayelekileyo yokuvikela amadatha. Le ndlela ethathwe ngokuphakathi kunezidingo ezingaphansi zokungena kwezinye izinkinga ezingatholakali ngaphambi kokuba kude kakhulu.

Amasistimu Ama-On-Die Parity Validation

Imikhiqizo yenkumbulo ekuhlaleni kwe-DDR4 iyasebenza ngokulungiselela le miqondo engenakwenzeka ngokuxhasene ne-bit esodwa, ngelinye ihlanganisa ngeke ikhutshelwe amandla. Kuzo zindlela ongcono ukusebenza ngokuphelele futhi awudingi ukuthintwa, le ndlela yokuthembekela iyadinga kakhulu. Kunezinye izivivinyo ezitholile ukuthi izinhlobo zonhla nge parity yekuhlala ziyasebenza ngokuthembekela ngama-25%, lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kudinga kanjani kuzo zindawo ezikwakhiwe ukuthi kuzingelwe. Okuqukethwe kwezokuthi kusebenza kanjani noma izindlela ezingenakuthi zilungise amaphutho. Ngokwesibonelo, le ndlela zombili ziyakhipha inkumbulo ngokwengeza amandla okulungisa izinkinga zokulahleka kwezinyathelo, ukunika abasebenzisa inkumbulo enye yezindlela zokulungisa izinkinga zokulahleka kwezinyathelo.

Amanethi Ama-thermal Odladwayo

Izinzwa ezishisayo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kumamojula enkumbulo ye-DDR4 zilawula ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa njengoba kwenzeka, into ebaluleke ngempela lapho uzama ukuvimbela i-hardware ukuba ingafudumala ngokweqile futhi ingasebenzi. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lezi zibalo zokushisa zenza ama-OS akwazi ukwenza kahle ukusebenza ngokushesha, ukuze izinhlelo zingashisi kakhulu ngaphansi komthwalo. Umqondo wokubamba lezi zinethiwekhi zezinzwa unezinhlangothi ezimbili. Okokuqala, igcina izinga lokushisa lingaphakathi kwezinga eliphephile phakathi nokusebenza. Okwesibili, kwenza izinkumbulo zihlale isikhathi eside ngoba izingxenye azivezwa ukushisa ngokweqile kaningi. Abakhiqizi babika ukuthi kunentuthuko engaba ngu-30% kumamethrikhi e-MTBF emishini esebenzisa lolu hlobo lokuphathwa kokushisa. Lokho kusho ukuthi ama-computer asebenza kahle isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphahlazeka okungalindelekile okubangelwa izinkinga zokushisa.

Ama-FEATURE Zokuthuthukisa Okuningi Lokuhlola

Ukumirorha Kwememe Yokuqinisekisa

Ukuhlinzwa kwekhathini kuhlala kungu-yezi zezici ezidingekayo xa ubheka ezindlela zokwenhansa kwezilawo zokugcinwa kwezilawo futhi uqinise ukuthi izinhlelo zihlale zihlale kuzo kuzindlela eziphambene. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kusebenza ngokuthi kudalelwe ikopi evelayo yazo zonke izilawo zekhathini, lapho kusebenza njengesicelo kakhulu uma kunezinkinga eziphambene nekhathini elikhulu. Okulandela? Kude kube lula ukuthi kuthathe isikhathi esincane xa kuhlinzwa amasistimu ashiwo futhi kube nendawo yokungena ngokubili. Xa izilawo zihlale zitholakala ngokuthi zidwelwe ngaleso wayo, izinhlelo zonke zihlale zisebenza ngokwaneke noma xa kuzo ukushisa. Chazi imithi lezinhlelo zokuphepha noma izinkampani zokuphathwa lapho ukuthintana okuncane kungaba yindlela yokuphila. Ngokulinganisa nezinkampani ezijwayelekile, iziserveri ezingasetshenziswa ukuhlinzwa kwekhathi zihlela ukuthi zikhutshwe kuzindlela zokugcinwa kwezilawo ngemizuzwana lelithini, ngakho amasebenzi ahlanjelwa ngokuthi akukho muntu angathola ukuthi kunezinkinga ezithathwe yisikhathi sokulandelana.

Istriteji Zokubala Kwesayithi Lesihlathi Lesibuyiselwe

Imipikiswano ye-hot spare rank iyindlela ebalulekile kakhulu kuma-sistimu apho ukungasebenzi kungase kube yimala. Lapho kusebenza kwekhona imeyili, le ndawo zihlanza ngokuzenzekela kuma-rank wesikhalo, okunxenye ukulondoloza idatha nokusebenza ngendlela elula. Sibona le ndawo sikhona kakhulu endaweni ezifanayo nezindawo eziphilosayiziweyo kuma-cloud kanye nezokuthengiswa izinto apho ukungabi noma noku-seconds yokusebenza kungase kube yimala engama-randu ezinkulu. Izinombolo zinezimiso le zinhlanganiso ezingu-nga ngaphansi kwezinye izimo kanye nezokusebenza ngokujwayelekile ngemva kokudayiswa kwezinkumbulo zokugcinwa kwezikhathi zabo. Ima-sistimu iyahlisa ukusebenza lapho kunezinkinga zokugcinwa idatha esikhundleni sokuthintwa ngokuphelelwa, okwenza uhlu olukhulu lapho kusebenzwa kuma-sistimu apho ukungasebenzi kungase kube yimala.

Amamodi Abasebenza Yophuzu Yase-Refresh

Ukuhlisa kwezikhala eziqalayo, noma PASR njengoba kuchazwa khona, kusiza ukuthi ikhile lithathe amandla futhi kuyindlela yokwenza imemori ye DDR4 ibe nekati elide. Xa isistimu ayisebenzi kakhulu, i PASR kuphela ukupheshela kwezikhala ezithile kulememori esebenza yonke into ngokungena. Lokhu kuthatha amandla amabi kakhulu, ngakho-ke amagama agcina ukuthi kunezindleko ezingu 40% ngokungabi noma kungabi phakathi kwezikhathi ezingabi noma kungabi. Okuthokozisa ngalokhu yindlela yabo babili: kuyathola amandla, kodwa nangokuthi kusho ukuthi lememori ayizokugcina kakhulu ngokuthi sivalela ukupheshela okungadingekiyo. Kuma severi nezinye izistimu eziphathelene nokuthula, lapho kudingeka ukuthula kungabi, ukuthi i PASR ibe yinhloko kuyindlela yokwenza. Lezi sistimu zingasebenze ngendlela elula noma kungabi ukuthatha amandla, lokhu yilapho abasebenzisa IT bafuna ukubona.

Umkhuhlane weThermal nokuhlola kweComponets

Amahhadi Alendaweni Okusenzeniswa Kwegcino

Ukubaleka kwezinhloso ngemiselwe emaphansi kunciphisa ukuphila ngokuthi kunciphisa ukushisa okuvela, lokhu kusho ukuthi kuncinzane ukudinga ukulula. Uma amacentla edatha ishintsha kule misele emaphansi, ngokuvamile baziwa ukuthatha izindleko ngama-20 pho yeziphumo zokulula. Le ndleko ethuthwa iyenza isiphumo esikhulu esifisayo ngendlela ethulwa futhi iyenza kube lula kakhulu. Inkampani yonke iphumula ngokufihlake futhi inquma kahle, ngakho siyaqeda kwezimali ezifisayo futhi zingathinteli lami.

Ukubophelela Kwamatirhaletsi Wosethulo Wesiqephu

Ukuthi iimodi zokugcinwa ze-DRAM yintle kanjani xa kuhlangana nezixhobo zokwenza izinto eziphumelelayo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiindlela zokwenza eziphumelelayo, ngokuba le ndlela zinceda kakhulu xa kuzokwehliswa ukuphuma kwezixhobo. Imibuzo yamva inika ukona ukuba xa iindawo zokwenza zisebenzisa iindlela zokwenza ezintsha kwiimodi zazo, iimodi zokugcinwa zenze ukuphuma kwezixhobo kakhulu ngama-30% ngaphandle kwezinye. Ukufunda ngokucacileyo kwiindlela zokwenza zenze abasebenzi bokwenza bakwazi ukuthi baphumelele kakhulu xa bahlala nezixhobo, ukuba amacala ayiphumeleli kwaye ayikhathaze ngokungafaniyo.

Umbiko wesicatshulu somemba neMTBF

Ukubulala kwe-seva kakhulu kubangelwa ngendlela eziphakathi kwezinkozi zokugcina phakathi neNkathi Elinganiselweyo Phakathi kwezifayo okanye MTBF ngokushushu. Sibona ukuthi lapho i-DIMMs zihamba ngemfushane, zilinda phezulu kabefo futhi kuseva iyabulala kangcono. Kunezimpendulo ezithi ukulondoloza lezi zinkozi zokugcina kuzindawo eziphelelweyo zokulandela kudinga kakhulu kuthuthukisa ukubulala kwezinhlelo ngendlela engu-25%. Le ndawo etholakala yekusizo kumele kuthathwa ngempela futhi kumele kuthathwe ngokwemthetho ukuthi lezi zinkozi zokugcina zilinde futhi zisebenze ngendlela ebalwe kakhulu kuzindawo eziphelelweyo zokusebenza zokugcina izinkozi zokuthi zingaphansi kwezindleko eziningi.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwesicwangciso Esikhundleni

UMonitoshingi Wotelemetri Webulili

Lapho i-SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) ilandelwa kwiimodi zokugcinwa zase DDR4, iyanciphisa indlela ethile ethi siyilawula ukulungiswa ngaphambili. Okuqinisileyo kwehlukanisa le teknoloji yi rhamanini le inkcazelo enikezwa ngokuxhasa kwe telemetry. Abasevisi bokugcinwa bekunikezwa amazwana ngokulula mayelana neempawu zokulahleka kwe harware ngaphambili kuko lulunge, oku kunciphisa ukungqinelwa kweziservice. Iingxelo ezithile zasekuhlengwa zithi iinkampani ezisebenzisa le ndlela yokujonga iisistimu zazo ziyafumana ukuphucula okukhulu. Inqaku elinye lathiwa ukuba kukho amacasha angama 40% angaphantsi lapho le zixhobo zokujonga zisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo. Kwiinkampani ezigcina iiserver ngokulula, ukuba zingcine iiserver zilandele ngokulula kuyimfihlakalo enkulu. I telemetry echanekileyo iyavumela ukuba bakhankanye neempawu encinci ngaphambili koko zizinto eziphakamileyo. Amadatha amanqaku asekuhlengwa aqala ngokufaka le ndlela yokujonga kumisebenzi yazo yokulandela, bafumana ukuba inkcazelo engeyiyo iyabonisa ukuncipha kwezindleko zokulungisa nokuphucula kwezisiteme ngokubanzi.

Amagama Amabili Lwendawo Lokuhlola

Ukusetwa kwezindlela zokungeniswa kwenani leziphoso lula inqubo entsha yokugcina imicaba yokusebenza ngokugcobo. Xa abasebenzisa ekwelweni bavamele le ndlela, bafumana izimoya eziqala ukuze bakwazi ukuthi baphumelele kabefore izinkinga eziphansi ziyohlangana nezinkulu ezingavimbeli imisebenzi. Idata ye real world ikubonisa ukuthi ukubeka isibindi kulezi ziphoso kunciphisa impa yazo ngokungenanani kancane 30%, ngokwesilondohlo esitholakalayo kweqoqo lokugcina imicaba ezahlukahlukene. Ukugcina iziphoso ngendlela enempilo ayiyona kuphela ukuphumelela kwezinyathelo, kodwa kuyakunceda ukuba yonke into isebenze ngendlela eyathintekile kaphaphezulu lapho iziphoso zeqoqo zingakuthintela ngokuphelele. Iindlela ezobekela kakhulu kwezindlela zokungeniswa kwenani leziphoso zingaba nezinkinga ezingafanele kancane kanye nokusebenza okuphakade kweqoqo ngokwesikhathi.

Amaphrothokololo Amanqaku Lwendawo

Ukubekwa kwezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kumodhuli wokulayishwa kuhlanganisa ikhono lokuthi izinhloso zokugcinwa zithuthukiswe ngokuxhasa. Singabona amaphethini abonisa ukuthi lezi zinhlelo singabangela ukuthuthukwa kwezinhloso zokusebenza nge-15 kuya kuma-20%. Okulayishwa okuhle kahle kungumsebenzi wokuphepha nje, kodwa kuyindlela yokuthuthukisa ukuphila kwamemori ngaphambi kokuthi kudingekwe ukubuyiselwa. Lapho izinhlelo zokuthi izinhlangothi zokushisa zihlanganisa izindlela zokuxhumana, zivikele ukuthi idatha ithuthukiswe ngaphansi kwamaphupho, okungathi kubizwa ngokunciphisa ukuthambekela. Yini okutholakala? Izinhloso zokugcinwa ezifinyelela futhi ukuthi izinhloso zokusebenza zihlanganise ngokulungileyo. Izinga le-IT zonke izinhlelo zokuthi le ndlela iyahlulela izindleko yokuthintana nokubuyisa amagugu ngokudala.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini inguqulelo yebhanki kwi-DDR4 kunye nangiphi inhlawulo yakhe? Iinguqulelo yebhanki kwi-DDR4 yiindlela yokubalaseka amabhanki emibhaleni ngokuvavanya uhlatshanisi kunye nokuthola uphawu, ngokwesiphi ngokuthi kuhloniphe umva wosistimu weserver ngokushesha kunye nokuthola uphinde phawu.

Yini okudingekileyo ngokusebenza u-DDR4 nge-1.2V kubantu abahleli futhi amaphandelane? Ukuhlala kwi-1.2V ukuya ku-DDR4 ukukhupha imphandelanempela nemisebenzi yomali ngeminyaka eyisithathu ngokwesibane njengoko kuhlola umthombo wohlobo lwesiqhina, lokuvamilela isibonelo siphandle kwezinhlelo zomoya.

Yini ingxenye ye-CRC kwi-umemori we-DDR4? UCRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) usebenzisa ku-DDR4 ukukhangela nokulungisa izicatshulwa ezidingekayo, uzokusureka ukusetyenziswa kwendawo nokufakwa kwezindlela ezinethunywa kwi-server.

Yini iimpahla yokuba kwi-dynamic thermal sensor networks kubantu abahleli futhi amaphandelane ku-DDR4? I-dynamic thermal sensor networks ku-DDR4 ibheke imigomo yesikhathi sesikhatsi senye, uvamilela ukugcina umoya wokuqala ukwenza ukufunda lomoya olungempumelelo kunye nokuhlola umemori ngempumelelo.

Zingapheleleyo zakusebenzisa kwe-memory mirroring ku-DDR4? Ukusebenzisa kwe-memory mirroring ku-DDR4 uhlelwa impahla yokubaluleka kwe-data ngokudubula idatha ememori ngokuyongeneza uphawu nokusetshenziswa kwiindawo ezidingekayo.

Yini into engavalekileyo ukusebenzisa kwe-SMART DDR4 telemetry monitoring? UMkhombomthetho SMART DDR4 wenze idatha elikhulu lokusebenza kwiseva yokuhlola, ngokuthi amakhose waseIT aziphindvule amaphrofethi angithintelekise ukusuka kanye nokugcina isikhatsi somdabuko.