Ukuthini Ukukhetha i-Hard Disk Drive Eningiweyo Yinkundla Yakho

Indlela Yokukhetha Okulungileyo Idiski Emdeni Drive kwi-Server Yakho Server Ukugcina

1. Qinisekisa Amathikoli Okugcina Awudingayo

• Bala amathikoli okugcina njengamanje namanye okuzothatha : Qalela ngokuhlanganisa ubukude beendata konke oza kugcinwa kwiseva—ifayili, i-database, ukugcina ngokuphelele, nezinhlelo. Emuva kudibanisa amaphesenti angama-30–50% anengi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsuku ezingu-1–2. Isibonelo, uma uneedinga ezingu-10TB ngoku, i-hard disk drive engu-16TB ikunikeza indawo yokuthuthukiswa.
• I-single drive koma-phakathi kwezinye i-drives :Kunoma okuningi kakhulu (50TB+), ukusebenzisa amadivayisi amaningi ayeqwa kwiRAID kungcono. I-RAID iyahlula idatha phakathi kwezivici, kuyenza ukukhona kwesikweletu kakhulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa komsindo. Isibonelo, i-RAID 5 enenye nezivici ezine zematheni e8TB, ikhombisa amatheni e24TB wesikweletu (inye yazo iyasebenza njengesicelo esiyimfuneko).
• Evita ukunqunyelwa kwezinhlabo ezincane : Iizinhlabo ezincane (njengezinhlabo zasekhaya noma i-office ezincane) azidingi i-drives ezikhulu. I-4TB noma i-6TB hard disk drive ngamanye amaxesha ikhona ngokufanele, kuyila izindleko ngekunye nokuthula kakhulu.

2. Bheka umsindo: RPM kanye neCache

• I-RPM (Ukubuyela kwezikhathi nezimali) : Le nombolo ibala ukushesha okwenziwa kwekhadi langaphakathi. I-RPM enkulu kungenzeka ukufinyelela kwekhadi ngokushesha:
  • 5,400 RPM: Yishesheli, ngokuvamile kugcinwe (ukugcina amafayela ohlelwe) lapho ispeedi ayikhuthazi.
  • 7,200 RPM: Le noma yekhona yabantu abaningi. Iyabalisa ispeedi nomali, isebenza kahle kumakhiya amafayela, imeyili, nezinhlelo zasekhaya ezincane.
  • 10,000 RPM ne-15,000 RPM: Izinketho eziphezulu, ngokuvamile kumakhiya ongcono (amadatha, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ngokushintsha, amawebhusayithi athintekayo). Zilungisa ukungcola lapho abasebenzisi abaningi bafinyelela idatha ngasikhathi.
• Usayizi wekhache : I-cache yilindlela encane, esheshayo ekugcineni kwamadatha kudiski yamagcina esheshayo edatha egciniweyo. I-cache encane (128MB noma 256MB) ithi ukuthi idiski ingatholi amadatha ngokushesha ngaphandle kokugcina icala. Isivumelwano esikhulayo, isibonelo, sifawulela idiski yamagcina enezikhala eziphakathi, ngoba iyaccelisa amadatha okubuyiselwa.

3. Thumela kakhulu ukubaluleka kokuqala ngokusebenza ngokuphelele

• I-MTBF (Umthamo Wokungena Phakathi Kwekuphulelwa) : Le nqaku (kumathani) iyathola ukuthi idiski izosha ngeliphi elanga bese kudingeka ukulungiswa. Izi disk zokusebenzela kuzivumelwano zinezikhala ezingama-1.2 million noma ngaphezulu - oku kungaphezulu kwezidiski zokusebenzela kumasevisi (okungeza ku-500,000). I-MTBF engeye kungenza ukuthi kube nendzima futhi kungena amasevisi.
• Ukulungisa amaphoyinti : Bheka amadiski okugcinwa kwe-ECC (Error-Correcting Code), okulungisa imaphutha emincane ye-data ngokuzenzekela. Loku bubaluleke kakhulu kuma-severi agcinwa kudatha ebalulekile (njengokuthi kumagcino lomthombo), ngokuba kulungisa ukungabi lwe-data.
• Izici zokulalela : Ima-severi iyakhiwa ngenkantuba kanye ne-vibration, ngakho ke diski engcono yokugcinwa kufanele iyahlulele kubabili. Iziphetho njenge-izicelo ezingokuthi zihlambelwe kanye nekunyelela ngokuholela kwenkantuba kuyakuhlola isikrwele, noma kuzindawo eziphakeme kuma-severi.

4. Khetha i-Interface Elingi

• SATA (Serial ATA) : Iyisicaba kuma-severi amathula. Isho ngokuthi iyinhawu kanye nokusebenza ngokushesha, nangemelwe 6 Gbps. Iyakusebenza kuma-severi amathula angena (isb., amaseveri endlini, isitokhi esifutshane esigcinwa endaweni yekhaya).
• SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) : Yindlela yokusebenzela kuzo iziviswe zokusebenza. SAS inikeza amavuliselo ngok быстрее (kuya kuye 22.5 Gbps) futhi inquma ngaphezulu izicelo zodatha ngokuvamile. Inempelwa kune SATA futhi isebenza kakuhle kuzo okuqoqa iRAID, lokhu kwenza kube yisiko sezinga ledata futhi kuzo iziviswe ezinamath traffic amaningi.
• NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) : Noma isetshenziselwa kakhulu kuzo iSSD, ezinye izinhloso zokugcina idatha ezihlangene zisetshenzisa iNVMe ukuze zivalele kakhulu. Iyimahala kodwa kuyilapha ukukhala okuncane, yisiko kuzo iziviswe eziphumelela (njengaleyo ezisebenzisa izinhlelo ngokushesha).

5. Sicela ukuthi idatha iyilingane neziviswe zakho ezisebenzela

• Iziviswe zokugcina idatha noma ukubeka khona : Udinga ukukhona kwezinhloso futhi kungadinga ukuthembekwa kakhulu kune ukuvalela. I-7,200 RPM SATA hard disk drive enenani elikhulu kuye kuye 10TB+ iyisiko lapha, ngoba isidingo siphakathi kwezokugcina idatha, akukho ukuvalela.
• Iziviswe zokugcina idatha : Kudinga ukuba isivininiwe kakhulu/kubhala ukuhandles imibuzo. Isikhwama se-SAS se-10,000 RPM nge-cache ye-256MB ibeke ubunzima kwekho lokhu kudala, kubuyisela izinhlelo zokusebenza kakhulu.
• Izinhloko zokuvirtualisa : Bhide amacine wokuvirtualisa amaningi, ngakho kudinga amadivayisi okwenza amathaski amaningi kanye. Idivhayisi SAS noma amadivhayisi wokuxhumana (ngebhokisi le-SSD caching) asebenza kahle, ngokuthi aqondise amathanda wokuthola idatha kanye.
• Izinhloko zewebhu : Kudinga ukulayisha amaphethini kakhulu kubasebenzisi. Isikhwama se-SAS se-15,000 RPM sikhupha ukuthambekela, kubuyisela ukusemelana kakhulu kunezinsizakwana ngokuthi kunezimali eziphakeme.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngikufaka i-consumer hard disk drive kumhloko?

Ukuthi njani ukuthi na isikhwama se-disk sisebenze ne-server yakho?

Ngaba kufanele ngichane HDD noma SSD yisipaketi sakho?

Yini indlela ngokuthi kufanele ngishintche isipaketi se-hard disk yisipaketi?

Yini indlela evela ngokuthi yisifiso se-RAID kwiinhloso zehadi?