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I-Hard Disk Drives: Isihawu Esijwayelekileyo ngokuhlela Imilayezo ye-Server

2025-07-15 11:31:42
I-Hard Disk Drives: Isihawu Esijwayelekileyo ngokuhlela Imilayezo ye-Server

Idiski Emdeni I-Drives: Isihawu Esijwayelekileyo ngokuhlela Server Ezikhathini zokugcina

I-hard disk drives (I-HDD) sikhona njengoba yisisekelo sokuhlela imilayezo ze-server, inikeza ukuphelelwa kwezinhlobo, izindleko, nezokuthula. Kungaba yiliphi na isivumo esifakwe kakhulu kanye nezinkampani ezikhulu, i-hard disk drive elungileyo iyasebenzisa imilayezo ngendlela elula, inikeza ukusebenza kude kanye nezokuthula. Le sihawu lisebenza ngokuhlela konke okufanele uyaziyo mayelana ne i-hard disk drives ngokuhlela imilayezo ze-server - kusukela kunganiwa izenzo zazo kuya kunganiwa ukukhetha, ukulungisa, nokuthi ungayifaka kanjani kusilawesi sakho.

1. Yintoni i-Hard Disk Drive Ebangelwe Kwi-Server?

IsiHDD se-server esebenzayo ngokwesikhathi sizonke sibekwe ngokweyinhloso ukusebenza ngokuphelele, kubona ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwe-data noma ukulayishwa okungakhona ukuthi kwehlise noma kungena. Ngokuhluke naseHDD yomsebenzisi (esetshenziswa ku-laptop noma ku-desktop yendlu), iHDD zabasebenzi zinezici ezinjengalezo ezinake ukusebenzela kakhulu:
  • Ukuziphatha : Isebenzisa izici ezinkimbinkimbi (njengokwehlukaniswa okanye imoto) ukuthi kwehlise ukusebenza okuphelele. I-HDD zabasebenzisi yamathela ukusebenza okungapheli (8-12 amahora/usuku), futhi iHDD yabasebenzi isebenza ngokuphelele.
  • Ukungcola kokuphapha : I-HDD yabasebenzisi inciphise kodwa yokulungisa amaphoyinti (ECC) ukulungisa amaphoyinti we-data ngokuzenzekelayo, okungaba yinkimbinkimbi ukukhuseleka kwezinto eziphathelene (isb., amarekhodi wekhasimende, amalayisho wezimali).
  • Ukuphatha ukwehlise : Iyakhiwa ngaphansi kokuqukethwe futhi inciphise izici zokuphatha ukwehlise, ukukhinda ukuthi kwehlise kakhulu kwezindawo ezikhulu zabasebenzisi.
  • Ukuphela okuphezulu kwe-MTBF : Izindlela zokubona ukuba iphakathi lezikhathi eziphakathi kwezifayo (MTBF) kwezinyathelo zokugcina i-server ziyaphumelela kakhulu 1.2 milione i-awo, ngokulingana ne-500,000-700,000 awo kwezinyathelo ezisemthethweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezifayo ezingaphezu.
Kokububanzi, i-server yenyathelo yokugcina iyahlukahluka ukuba yisililo esinembile, esinembile kakhulu ngokwesicelo sokugcina okwedolobha noma okwesipho.

2. Iindlela zenyathelo zokugcina kwezisevisi

Ake kwezinyathelo zokugcina zezisevisi zonke zifanayo. Zihlinzekwa ngokomzimba, uhlobo lwekhowudi, nokuhlalwa, okwanele kwezidingo ezahlukene ze-server:
  • Ngokumzimba wokubota (RPM) :
    • 7,200 RPM: Ikhetho elijwayelekile kuzo zisevisi ezijwayelekile. Liqhutshisa ukumzimba nokuthambo, licela izindaba ezijwayelekile njengegcina lefayela, i-imeyili yezisevisi, nokugcina izinhla ezincane. I-7,200 RPM iyanciphisa ukumzimba okunecala yezinkampani ezincane kuya ezikhulu.
    • 10,000 RPM: Kakhulu kuzona, kuyafanele kuzindlela ezijwayelekile. Liqiniseza ukuthula kwezicelo, lokhu kuyakunceda kakhulu kuzo zinhla ezikhulu, ukusebenza kwezivivinyo, noma kwezisevisi zemvukuzane enezicelo ezijwayelekile.
    • 15,000 RPM: Izindisa zokugcinwa ezinkimbini, ezakhiwe ukwenza izinkimbini (isb., ukusebenza ngokushesha, ukuvirtualiza kakhulu). Zingahlukanisa izikhathi ezingaphezulu kodwa zingcosta kakhulu futhi zingaphumelela kakhulu.
  • Ngokuxhumana :
    • SATA (Serial ATA): Isheshi futhi inikezwa kakhulu, ngezindlela zokuxhumana ezifana ne-6 Gbps. Kude kakhulu kuzindleza ezincane (isb., izindisa zokugcinwa zamasipho amancane) lapho izindlela zokuthengisa zibaluleke kakhulu kunokuthi zibe yisendvandvwane esikhulu.
    • SAS (Serial Attached SCSI): Iyakhiwe ngokwezimali, ngezindlela zokuxhumana ezifana ne-22.5 Gbps. Izindisa SAS zokugcinwa zenza i-requests eziningi ngokushesha futhi zisebenze ngokushesha nezinhlelo zokuxhumana, lokhu kude kakhulu kuzindawo zokugcinwa okanye kuzindleza eziphumelelayo.
  • Ngokubuninzi :
    Izindisa zokugcinwa zindleza zihamba kusukela ku-4TB usuku kwe-20TB+ (futhi kuholela). Izindisa ezikhulu (12TB–20TB) zihloniphiwe kuzindleza zokugcinwa okuningi (isb., izindisa zokubeka, izilibrary zemediya), noma izindisa ezincane (4TB–8TB) zisebenza ngokuhle kuzindleza zokusebenza ngokujwayelekile.

3. Kungani Kakhuluma i-Hard Disk Drive Ngokugcinwa Kwendliza?

Izinhawu zokugcina idatha (HDDs) zinikeza izimpawu eziyingqayizwe ezikhathini zokuthi zibe yimali kakhulu kumaqondana amasipha, noma kunjalo ngekuthi kuhlelwe izinhawu zokugcina idatha ngaphandle kwezici (SSDs):
  • Iindleko ngokungu-terabyte : Izinhawu zokugcina idatha (HDDs) ziphantsi kunezinhawu zokugcina idatha ngaphandle kwezici (SSDs) kumaqhubo amakhulu. Inhawu yamasipha engu-16TB iyindle kakhulu kungeyoku-16TB SSD, okwenza yimali kakhulu ukugcina idatha engu-16TB (isb., izithombe, ukubeka khona idatha).
  • Ubukhulu obukhulu : Izinhawu zokugcina idatha (HDDs) zingase kufika kuma-20TB+ ngalunye, okuvumela amasipha ukugcina idatha engaphezulu ngekuthi kungekho ukwenge kwezinhawu eziningi. Lokhu kwenza ukusetyenziswa kuyindle kakhulu futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokulingana nekuthi usebenzisa izinhawu ezincinci.
  • Ukubaluleka kugcina idatha ngokudala : Izinhawu zokugcina idatha (HDDs) ziphumelela kugcina idatha ngokudala (idatha esikhathini esingafani, njengokubeka khona idatha), ukugcinwa ngokuthembekile ngeminyaka engadinga amandla.
  • Ukuhambisana : Zisebenza ngokwengeza kwayo yonke into evela kumabhodhi wamasipha futhi kumaqondana amakheli we-RAID, okwenza ukuthi zingathunyelwe kakhulu kumaqondana amasembeni.
Kumanyama amasipha - ngokukodwa kwayo ephakeme ukubukhulu ngaphandle kokuwusa - izinhawu zokugcina idatha (HDDs) zingaba yimali kakhulu.
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4. Indlela yokuthunyelwa kwezinhawu zokugcina idatha (HDDs) kumaqondana amasipha

Ukuze uphumelele kakhulu nokuthobela, izinkawoothi zokugcina i-server kudinga ukuthi zihlanganiswe ngendlela ehle, ngokuvamile usebenzisa i-RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) noma izinye i-storage configurations:
  • I-RAID setups : I-RAID isetshenziswa ngokuphindwe izinkawoothi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ukuze kuthuthukwe ukukhanya, ukubuyiselwa, noma zombili:
    • RAID 0: Isahlula idatha phakathi kwezinkawoothi ukuze kube lula ukufunda/kugcina (akukho ukubuyiswa—kungcono kakhulu idatha ebalulekile).
    • RAID 1: Isikhaphamo sedatha phakathi kwezinkawoothi ezimbili (kunye ifa, enye ine-ikhophi). Isifavuke kakhulu kumaseva amancane ofuna ukuthobela.
    • RAID 5: Isetshenzisa inkawoothi enye kumapharity (ukulungisa amaphutha), ngedatha esahlulwe phakathi kwezinkawoothi ezingama-3 noma ngaphezulu. Isibalance phakathi kokuwasha, amandla, nokuthobela kumaseva amathathu.
    • RAID 6: Iyafana ne-RAID 5 kodwa isetshenzisa izinkawoothi ezimbili zemapharity, isithatha ukungena kwezifakelo ezimbili. Isifavuke kakhulu kumaseva amakhulu ofuna ukugcina idatha ebalulekile.
  • Izinkawoothi ongavuselela : Amaseva amaningi asetshenzisa izinkawoothi ongavuselela, okuvumela ukuthi uvusele inkawoothi efeyile ngekho ukulinda i-server. Lokhu kuthatha isikhathi esincane sokulinda—kudingeka kakhulu kumaseva apho kugcina ukusebenza ngokuphelele.
  • Ukwehliswa kwezogciniso : Hlanganisa i-HDD nezindawo eziyi-SSD (ezinkulayo kodwa ezinkorayi) kuhlelo oluhlophiswe ngemigqa. I-HDD iyagcina idatha engahle kusebenziswa, ngelokho i-SSD iyasebenzisa amaphayili ahle kusebenziswa (isb., amadatha ebekwe ngemva kubo). Lokhu kwenza isivinanyo phakathi kwe-ukuhanjiswa nokuthengwa.

5. Ukuphepha i-Server Hard Disk Drives: Imithombo yokuba yadala

I-hard disk drive ehleliwe kahle iyakudala ama-3–5 unyaka ku-server. Landela le miyalelo ukuze ukunike amathimele:
  • Ukuhlela ubukhula : Yeka izindawo zokusebenza zibe lula (60–70°F/15–21°C). Ukuhlanjwa kwezimpawu kuyisikhali esikhulu sokuwehla kwe-HDD. Sebenzisa amafani noma ukulula ngokushukela ukuze ukuvikele amadivayisi ukuba akhuphele 75°F (24°C).
  • Ukuzavoida ukuvusha : Hlanjela amadivayisi ngokuyimfushane kuzindawo zokusebenza ukuze ukuvusha kwekwe kancane, okungakwazi ukwenza amathela. Sebenzisa izinkawo ezingavushanga kwezindawo eziningi.
  • Ukukhuluma ngendawo : Sebenzisa izicelo njenge-S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) ukulandela indawo yodivayisi. I-S.M.A.R.T. iyakuphumula izi-imeyili xa kubekwe isinyathelo sokwehla (isb., ukongeza kwezimposo).
  • Ukugcina amaphayili amathathu : Noma kunemise kwe-RAID, khipha amadatha kumaqine oyisayo noma kugcinwa kweqondana ne-intanethi. I-HDDs ingase kushisa ngendlela engaziwa, futhi izibophelelo kuhlinza amadatha akungabi noma yikuphi okuthile.
  • Buyekeza ifirmware : Abasebenzisa izivikele ifirmware ukulungisa izinto ezingcono futhi ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi. Bheka izibuyekezo ngonyaka ukuze i-hard disk drives isebene ngendlela elula.

6. HDD vs. SSD: Ukukhetha i-Server yakho

Ngenkathi i-HDDs ingase kakhulu kuhle kakhulu kakhulu, i-SSDs zinikeza izigaba ezinkulu. Leli ke njalo ukukhetha:
  • Khetha i-HDDs uma : Udinga ukugcinwa okukhulu (10TB+), uqaphela ukuthula kwezimali, noma ukugcinwa amadatha owadinga ngokungabi (isb., izibophelelo, izithombe).
  • Khetha i-SSDs uma : Udinga ukufinyelela amadatha ngokushesha (isb., amadatha, iwebhu yamaseva enqamayo yokuphepha kwezimali) noma uyasalela amakhompiyutha alulayo angena/akhipha amadatha ngokushesha.
Amaseva amaningi asetshenzisa isihlandlo: i-HDDs ukugcinwa kwamandla, i-SSDs ukugcinwa kwamadatha owadinga ngokushesha. Isibonelo, i-server yamathuba ingase isetshenzise i-HDDs ukugcinwa ikhompiyutha futhi i-SSDs ukugcinwa kwezifayili eziningi ukufinyelela ngokushesha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izinsuku ezingakanani i-server hard disk drive ephumelela?

Ngokwesibonelo, 3–5 iminyaka ngaso sonke sezinsuku. Ukulungisa kahle (ukulula, ukulondoloza) kungakhiya okuya kuma-6–7 iminyaka.

Ngingaba ngingakhipha amadisk drive angahlu ngokweRAID setup?

Akukhona okuvumelekile. Ukuphambela kwezibhukhwe, izigaba, noma i-brand engahlu kungenza ukuthungelwa. Sebenzisa amadisk ahlu ngokulinganisa ukuphumelela okulinganayo.

Yini engikudinga ukugcinwa kwedatha kwiseva labantsha engasebenzi?

Kubantu 10–20: 8–16TB. Lokhu kubona amafayela, ame-imeyili, nokusebenza okulula kunezindawo zokuthutha. Engeza okuphakathi kwama-50% uma ubeka khona edatheni ngendaweni yakho.

Izinsuku zokugcina edatha kuseva zidinga amandla angahlu?

Cha, sebenzisa amandla ohlelwe kwiseva. Sicela uhlobo lomandla olunayo kunezinsuku eziyadinga (i-HDD ngamunye isebenza ngama-5–12 watts).

Ngesikhathi singapi kufanele ngishintshe i-server hard disk drive?

Shintsha yena uma i-S.M.A.R.T. inike amaphoyinti, aqhubeka nobunye obuluhlaza (ukukhlikhisa/nqadisa), noma iphele iminyaka engu-5 (noma kunjalo ukusebenza kwayo).

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