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Ukuziqonda Kwezinkundla Ezibalweni Kwizinhlelo Zokugcina iNgcobo
Izikhelo ze-server ziyisisekelo sekhondla le-inthanethi ye-data yesimanje, esenzo imiyalo engu-zenzakalo yokufunda/nokubhala ngelinye elisheshayo, njengoba libeke inthanethi yomnotho wobumfazi. Lezi zikhelo ezinezimali kumele zifane nezimbono eziphelele 24/7, okwenzela ukuthi ububi bazo kube lula kuhlala kwezempi. Uma isikhelo se-server siphile, iziphumo kungase ziphazanywe kakhulu – kusukela ekulahlekeni kwe-data nokulahleka kwesistimu kuze kube khona izimpact ethembekile.
Ngokuthi izihlathi ziyidelela kakhulu kumfundiso wodlame, ukulungiselela imitholampilo yezinhlangano ayikho mnikelo ngaphezu kwalesikhathi. Ukuziqonda izimo ezifana nokuhlukahluka kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela zokulungiselela kungakwazi ukuhlongozela ubudala bezinhlangano zezinhlangano kanye nokulungiselela izimpahla ezinezimali. Masiyizwe izinkinga eziphathelene nezinhlangano kanye nesigaba esibonakalayo sokulungiselela.
Ukohlazwa Kwezinqamlelo Zomnotho
Ukugcwalisa Kwezinkqubo
Server izikhelo zinezinkinga eziningi ezijwayelekileyo ezingena emsebentini futhi zibophelela kakhulu. Amagugu okufunda/nokubhala ayepaka amaningi angu-nanometers phezu kwezinqamuzana ezingena, ngelikasimende isipandi se-spindle esivikela izilinganiso ezithile zokujika. Ngokuphindaphindayo, lokhu kusebenza komele kugcineke kuhlelwa kwezinto. Izibhedele zisebenzisa i-spindle motor kungase ziphazanywe, zamele ukuthi kune-vibration enzima futhi kungase kube khona ukungabi namandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgudu we-actuator ungase uphazanywe kumsebenzi walo.
Ukubheka kahle imithetho yesimo sedrifi ingakusiza ekuboneni izimpawu zokudala komphindo wemisebenzi. Kufanele kubekezelwe izivuko ezifana nokusa kusebenza, ubunzima bokuzulazula, nezinga lezivimba ngaphakathi kwezixhumanisi ze-S.M.A.R.T. Ukusebenzisa ukulimala okwanele nokugcina ubunzima obulungile buhamba phambili ekunciphiseni umlando wesimo sewebhodi yedrifi yeserver.
Izinkinga Zokuchithwa Kwesayensi
Amaphlathini aphindwe-phindwe angcinwa kuzo idatha ayakha izimo ezingalungile ngasikhathi esinye. Lezi ziphawu zingasebenza njengamathambo alilodwa kodwa zingakhulisa kuma-sektari amabi, ethinta ubumfihlo bendawo. Izizathu zezinkanyo ezifana nodaka, uhlelo lwempilo, nembala ivutha isabela ukuchithwa kwamaphlathini. Uma idrifi ithanda ukufunda noma ukubhala kumazwakala athintekile, ingaba lingena iziphoxiso noma idatha ebhubheneyo.
Ukuvikela ngokulahlekelwa kweyephundi kudinga ukugcina imizimba engcono emzimbeni webhodi. Kumele kube khona umlonyo phakathi kwe-45-55%, ngenkathi ubude becala bubuke phakathi kwe-20-24°C. Izivivino ezihlanjwayo zephandla zingahlola nokuthi zibonise izindawo eziphelele ngaphambi kokuba zithinte izindawo ezibalweni eziphathelene kakhulu.
Ukuphika kwemitholampilo yezilwane
Ukuphika kweqatha lephansi leprint
Iqatha lephansi leprint (PCB) eqhakazela idravi yesikhombisi senkondlo inamathuba amahle angaphika ngengcamango eyodwa. Ukuhluka kwebhodi, i-static electricity, nokusebentisa kwezinto kungayihlukanisa i-integrated circuits, i-capacitors, nezinye izinto zezilwane. Xa iqatha lephansi liphika, idravi ingadinga ukuthi ibe ingavumi noma iphendule ngendlela engahle.
Ukuvikela kwezinhlekiso ze-electronic kusisa ngokuphatha amandla kangcono. Ukufaka izixhobo zokuphumula amandla (UPS) nezivikeli zamandla kunceda ukukhokha kwezinyuka zamandla nokuhlukana. Ukuhlungwa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlelo yamandla nokugcina okuhambelana nalo kunciphisa futhi isimo sokulahlekelwa ngokungena kwesithwala.
Inkohlakalo ye-firmware
Amadiski e-server ayidlaya emfaneni enzima ye-firmware ukuze ayimfunselele imisebenzi yazo. Inkohlakalo ye-firmware ingaba khona ngexesha lokuchasene namandla, ukugcineka kwesistimu, noma iintshabalalo ezingavumelekileyo. Xa ifirmware ichasene, idrive angayizindiza kakade noma iyasebenza ngendlela eyengqondo. Kwiimeko ezikhulu, idrive ingadinga ukuba ivikelekile kabonakali.
Ukugcina izinhlobo zomqondo we-firmware zangempela wozama ukulandela imigomo yokuvuselela kunceda ukukhokha inkohlakalo. Ukwenza amakhopi ebeka ye-firmware yedrive nokubhaliwa kwemilawuli yokuqwalasela kunceda ukuyibuyisela ngokushesha uma kuzo izinkinga. Kubaluleke futhi ukulandela imigomo yesikhalo malunga nokugcina kanye nokulahleka kwamandla.
Izinhloso Zokuthinta Kwezimali
Ukugcina Kwesithunzi Ngokuphathelene Nempilo
Ukuxhumana kakhulu kungumthwalo mkhulu kwi-hard drives zaseveri. Ukuphakama kwetemperatura kungaholela ekunikezeni komlilo, okungaholela ukungahambelani nokwephazanywa okuncane. Ukuqashelwa ngokude kumatempuratura aphezulu nangakho-ke kungahle kuhlukanisa izilubelobala futhi kuthinte amaphropathi esimilo sezimbi zokugcina. Ngokomlando, izimo ezibuhlope kakhulu zingaholela ukuhlaseka nokungabi namandla.
Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokulima eziphephile nezinconyane zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni kwetemperatura. Isakhiwo sesiroom se-server kufanele sibophezele ukuvikela kwe-airflow futhi kuthintele izindawo ezixhumana kakhulu. Ukufaka izinhlelo zokukhangelwa kwetemperatura ngezimali ezihleli zihlelwa zihle kusiza ekugcineni izimo ezihle lokusebenza kwi-hard drives zaseveri.
Ukuvibrata nokugcina Okungcolotshiwe
Izihlwa ze-server zingena ngokugcwele kuvuthi okuyizikhalo nokugcina kwesithixo, ikakhulu emazingeni ephelele yokugcina. Uvuthi obuningi kungahlinza imisebenzi yoku-funda/kubhala kanye nokunyusa ukugcinwa kwezinto ezinezikhalo. Iziganeko zokugcina ezifakwa ngokungahle noma kusuka kuzindawo ezingaphandle kungazicima izihlwa.
Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokumisa nezimbi zokukhupha uvuthi kunceda ukwahlula izihlwa kuzivuthi. Kufanelekile ukuba iiraka ze-server zibekwe ngokuhle kwaye ziphinde ziphinde. Ukwando kwegalelo ngemodi echasene nokuphatheka kwamandla akhethekile kunciphisa umngcipheko wokucimela ngendlela engavumelekanga ngexesha lokulungisa.
Iingxaki Ezinxaleneyo Ngezenzo
Ukusuka kwamavolite
Izihlwa ze-server zidinga izinzo zezimoto eziphambili ukuze zisebenze ngokuchanekileyo. Iindleko, izigqoko, okanye ukulethwa kwezinzo engenanto zingayicima izinto ezinezikhalo kwaye zihlinze imisebenzi ye-hlwa. Iingxaki ezinxaleneyo ngezenzo zibaluleka njengeengxaki eziphuma ngokuphela okanye iingxaki ezinemigaqo ezingenanto.
Ukufaka izixhobo zokwahlula amandla (PDUs) neendawo zokugcina amandla (UPS) ezimele kumgcini zinika ukuphepha kwiingcinga zomthwalo. Ukuhlengahlenga okuqhubekayo kweenguquko zomthwalo nokubeka inyaniso yamandla kunika indlela yokubona iingcinga ezingcono ngaphambi kokuba zithintele iindawo zokugcina iintsontela.
Isiphazamiso seMandla esingagqibekiyo
Iingcinga ezingagqibekiyo zezamandla zingathatha iindawo zokugcina iintsontela ezisemva kwezinyathelo zokubhala, zenzela ubuchwepheshe beentsontela okanye ubunyane bomlilo. Isiphazamiso esingagqibekiyo sabaleni abasuka bethembeka sinezinxalenye ezizimeleyo kakhulu kwaye sinyusa umngcipheko wokungena kwamashushu.
Ukusebenzisa iintsikelelo ezichanekileyo zokulahla kanye nokuhlanjwa kweendawo zokugcina amandla kunceda ukukhusela kwiingcinga ezivela kwiingcinga ezingagqibekiyo. Iindawo zokugcina iintsontela ezintsha zifaka ukuphepha kwiingcinga ezingagqibekiyo, kodwa ukulandela iintsikelelo ezichanekileyo zokusebenza zibaluleke kakhulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ithatha ixesha elingakanani iindawo zokugcina iintsontela?
Izidrivi zomnxeba zezinhlangano zilandela kwi-3-5 izinyanga ngemiphumela yemisebenzi. Kodwa, umkhawulo wempilo kuyaphazanyiswa ngokusebenzisa, imithetho yendawo, nokuphathwa kakhulu. Iziphumo eziningi zezinhlangano ziqukethe izici ezinamandla ezenza ukuthi zibe nzima futhi nezigaba ezinde kunazo ezibalayo.
Kutheni izindlela zokubonakala kwesifo esizofa kakhulu?
Izinto ezihlukene zokubonakala kufana nohlangothi (ukucwasa, ukugaya), inani eliphezulu lezimposiso emibhalweni yesimo, isebenza esisha, kanye nezaziso zeS.M.A.R.T. Ukuzilondoloza kwezici zilandelayo kusiza ekuboneni izinkinga ezingavamisa phambi kokuba zenzelwe ububi bwezimpahla noma ukulahlekelwa kwisimo.
Kungakanjani isikhathi esifanele siyishintsha ngalo izidrivi zomnxeba?
Izinhlangano eziningi zifaka izinqumo zokubuyisela ngaphambi kweqiniso ngokwembono yomphathi wendiza futhi ngezimpendulo eziphilayo. Ngokuvamile, izivivekelo zibuyiselwa ngachitha-4 iminyaka noma xa zifinyelela 80% yesilinganiso sesivivekeli, lokhu okukhulu kulezi zimbili. Izinhlelo eziphathelene kakhulu kudinga ukubuyiselwa ngokusheshayo.
Yiziphi iindlela ezilungileyo zokugcina imidali enguqukayo yezihlangothi zomshini?
Inqubo yokugcina imidali ingcono kumele ibe nenani elikhulu lezilwane ezahlukene ezigcinwa kumidiya ehlinzekile futhi endaweni eyahlukile. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ugcino lapha, ukukopisha kwedabuko, nokugcina kwegolide. Ukuhlaziywa nokuchazwa kwegcino ngokulandelana kusivikela ukuthi imidali ivikalelwe uma kudingeka.