Izikhundla zihlalwe njani ezinkulungwane zokufaka, zokugcina, nezinkulungwane zokuphatha?

Ukudesigna kwezindawo zokugcina kwenethiwekhi kuyaphatha kakhulu ukulayisha nokubhalisa izinkampani zokuguqula ngokupheleleyo emazini amabili wokugcina. Ukuziqonda ukuthi isikhombisa sikhethwa kanjani futhi sithunyelwa kumazini okufaka, okugcina, nokugcina kokuphakeme kuyisibonelo sokugcina kwemizwi yezindawo zokugcina. Umzila wosilinganiso wokusebenza ngokuhlukahluka futhi wadinga ukubhalisa izikhombisa zokugcina zokupheleleyo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukusebenza kahle, ukwakha kahle, nokubaluleka kahle. Umzila wokubhalisa kuyasuswa ngokubhalisa ukulingana kwezinkampani, imiphumela yokuphakama, izinkampani zokubuyela kabusha, nezinkampani zokuphatha ukuze kuvunyelwe ukulula kwezinto zokudlula kwezindawo zokugcina.

Umzila Wokufaka Umkhopha Amaphawu

Ukulingana Kwezinkampani Nokuxhumana Kwabantu Bafaka

Izisombululo zesikhombisa sezinsizakwane zokufinyeza ziyafuna ukuthi kunezinkambo eziningi zezindawo zokufinyeza ukuze zihambisane nezinkambo ezingaphezulu kwezinto ezisebenzayo, futhi kuzoba ngezinkambo zokufinyeza, iziprinta, iziphoni ze-IP, nezinkambo zokufinyeza kwesithunzi. Isikhombisa sezinsizakwane zokufinyeza esingasemthwakathini sinezinkambo zokufinyeza ze-Ethernet ezingama-24 kuze kube ama-48 nesikrini sokuphakamisa amandla (PoE) ukuze sisebenzise izinto ezifinyezwa ngaphandle kokuthi zibe nenkambo yamandla eyodwa. Izisombululo zesikhombisa kufanele zinebhalansi yamandla ase-PoE okukhulu ukuze zibaleke izinto zonke ezifinyezwa ngempela ngaphandle kokuthi zihlale zisepolisa ukuthi kubhekene nokuthi kuyasebenza kahle. Iisikhombisa sezinsizakwane zokufinyeza zezintandokazi zisethula izinhlaka zokuphatha izinkambo ngokomlando ozokuthi ziyabona uhlobo lwesinto esifinyezwa ngokuzenzakaleyo futhi zibeka izinhlaka zezinkambo zokufinyeza (VLAN) nezinhlelo zokusebenza kahle (QoS) zokuthi ziyahambisana.

Amaphuzu wezokuvikela nokufinyeza

Izisombululo zeswitch esizimisele kusecurity kwe-access layer ziyinkimbinkimbi zokubhalisa iziqu zokuvumela 802.1X, ukusakazela kwe-dynamic VLAN, nokufaka amaphuzu okusecurity wendawo. Lezi ziswitch kufanele zisivumele ukuzilungiselela kwe-MAC address, ukusakazela kwe-DHCP, nokuhlola kwe-ARP ukuze zikhubaze ukufinyelela kwemithambo yonke yokunethiwekhi futhi zikhubaze izibonelo zokwenza isibhakabhaka. Ukuzilungiselela kwe-switch kusivumela abasebenzisi bethu bakwazi ukwenza izopolisi zokufinyelela ezihlukene ngokwesifundo seziqu zomsebenzisi, izithayile zezinto zokusebenza, kanye nezidingo zokuxhumana nesikhathi. Iziswitch eziphezulu zokufinyelela ziyenziwa ngokufaka amaphuzu okuhlola izibonelo zokwenza isibhakabhaka okuzobhekisa imigqa yezindawo kanye nokuphula ngokuzenzakale izinto zokusebenza ezingasemthethweni ukuze zilungele ubuhle bwenethiwekhi.

Amadinga kwe-Aggregation Layer Switch

Ukukhula Kwesikhundla Sokuphambuka Kwayo Kwaye Ukugcina Kwemigqa

Imiphumela yokugcina kwezikhombisa zokugcina kuzoba zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo kubukho bekho kwezikhombisa zokugcina zokufika kahle kubukho bekho kwezikhombisa zokufinyelela. Lezi zikhombisa zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo kubukho bekho kwezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela, futhi zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo kubukho bekho kwezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela. Lezi zikhombisa zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo kubukho bekho kwezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela. Lezi zikhombisa zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo kubukho bekho kwezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela. Lezi zikhombisa zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo kubukho bekho kwezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela. Lezi zikhombisa zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo kubukho bekho kwezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela. Lezi zikhombisa zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo kubukho bekho kwezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela. Lezi zikhombisa zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo kubukho bekho kwezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela. Lezi zikhombisa zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo kubukho bekho kwezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela. Lezi zikhombisa zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo kubukho bekho kwezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela zezikhombisa zokufinyelela. Lezi zikhombisa zihlukaniswe ngokuphe......

Ukuphatha kwe-VLAN nokuhlanganisa kwe-VLAN

Izinkhambi zokudala kwe-VLAN zokuphepha zihlukanisa izikhombisi zokugcina (aggregation layer switches) kusukela kwezikhombisi zokufinyelela (access layer counterparts). Lezi zikhombisi kufanele zisivumelele i-VLAN eziningi kakhulu ngokuzimangaliswa futhi zinikeze izinkhambi zokudala kwezikhombisi zokugcina phakathi kwezikhombisi zokufinyelela (inter-VLAN routing capabilities) ngokuhle. Izisombululo zezikhombisi ziqukethe iziprothokholi zokudala kwe-Layer 3 njenge-OSPF ne-EIGRP ukuze kwenziwe ukufunda okuphambili kwezinhlongoniso (dynamic route learning) nokuhlelwa kwemithambo yezindiza (traffic optimization). Izinkhambi zokuhlela ubungakanani bezindiza (Quality of service features) zinikeza ukuthi izindiza eziphambili zifunde isibonelo esiphambili futhi zilungise ubungakanani obuhle bokusebenza kwezindiza zokusebenza ngokujwayelekile emaphakathini amabili kanye nezikhombisi zokufinyelela (VLANs).

Ukuguqula Kwezikhombisi Zokuphepha (Core Layer Switch Architecture)

Ukuguqula Okuphezulu Kwesikhombisi (High-Performance Switching Fabric)

Izisombululo zezikhombisi zokuphepha ziyasho ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphezulu kakhulu nokuthi kunezidingo zokuphansi kakhulu kwezidingo zokuzimangaliswa (latency) ukuze kwenziwe ukuphatha kahle kwezindiza zokusebenza kwezempilo (enterprise-wide traffic). Lezi zikhombisi zinezindlela eziningi zokubhala ngokuphezulu kwe-40 Gigabit ne-100 Gigabit Ethernet ngezindlela zokuguqula eziningi (advanced switching fabrics) ozinake ukuthi kuzosendleleni ngokuphezulu kakhulu (wire-speed forwarding) kuzo konke izindlela ngokuzimangaliswa. umkhopha isibonelo senkqubo sisifaka amandla okungakwazi ukuziqonda ngokungafani nokuthi akukho mlando wokuphinda kusetyenziswa futhi esinika umsebenzi othile ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuthi imithambo yomlando iyiphinde iphinde. Amaphrojekthi avela kwe-ASIC ne-engine yokubhala isithombe esihlukile asinika ukusebenzisa i-packet ngomzuzu wemizuzu ukuze kufanele izinkinga zezinkampani zokusebenza ngokushesha nasezinkampani zokuthenga nokuthengwa kwezinto ngokushesha.

Ukuphinda kusetyenziswa nokuthinteka

Imithambo yezinkulungwane zokusebenza kakhulu zokugcina i-layer yekhore yasekhompyutha iyadinga izinkulungwane zokubuyela emuva ngokuphelele, kubandakanya izinsimbi zokuphatha amandla amabili, iziqephu esingasuswa ngokushesha, namaplane okuphatha okubuyela emuva ngokuphelele. Lezi zikhompyutha zisiza kuzo izinkulungwane zokubuyela emuva eziningi ezifunda ukungafani kwamaphakathi futhi zibuyela ngokuzenzakalelayo umlando wokusebenza ngemilayini eyodwa ngaphandle kokunqamuka kweservisi. Isimo sokugcina i-layer yekhore sisiza kuzo izinkulungwane zokubuyela emuva ezingavumiyo (stateful) ozikhangela izinkulungwane zokugcina nezinkulungwane zokuhlanganisa umlando wokusebenza ngokungafani kwamaphakathi. Izisiko zokujonga isimo sezinsimbi zokusebenza kulesikhompyutha zisiza kubeka izimpendulo zokuvumela ngokushesha ngokuphuma kwesikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nokubalwa kwamafani ukuze kwenziwe ukuchaza okuphambili nokukhindza ukungafani kweservisi.

Izinkinga Zokusebenza Ngaphezu Kwamaphakathi Ama-Network

Ukugcina Kwamandla Nokuhlanganisa Umlando Wokusebenza

Ukukhetha isikhombisa esemthethweni sokusebenza kuyadinga ukuchaza okuhle kwezinkinga zokusebenza kwisikhombisa ngalunye isilayiya yonkamnandi ukuze usivikele isikhombisa esiphakeme kanye nokuphula kwesikhombisa. Izikhombisa zesilayiya yesifunda zisebenza ngokusebenza kwe-20:1 ku-40:1, ngakho-ke izikhombisa zesilayiya yokuqondisa kanye nezikhombisa zesilayiya yokuqala zihlale nezinkinga ezincane ukuze zisebenze ngokwesikhombisa sesikhathi esiphakeme. Izindlela zokufaka izikhombisa ziyagcina ukukhetha izikhombisa ngemibiko yezinkulungwane zokubeka kanye nezindlela zokuphatha ukuzimela. Izikhombisa ezenzulu zihlanganisa izindlela zokuvimbisa izikhombisa ezihambisana ngezikhathi ezithile ozokuthola ngokwesikhathi esihlukene kanye nezinkinga zokusebenza kwezinhloso.

Ukuphula Kwesikhathi Kwaye Ukuphula Kwesikhathi Esingasemthethweni

Izisombululo zesikhombisa esingaphansi kwe-isiqinisekiso sezindawo zokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo nokuhlanganisa ngokupheleleyo kwemigqa. Izisikhombisa sezinkambo zokuphatha nezinkambo zokugcina kufanele zibopheleze izilingo zokugcina kanye nokugcina izihluzi zokuphatha amaphepha ngokusebenzisa ukusebenzisa okungaphansi kwekhompyutha kanye nokuphatha amaphepha ngokuvamile. Isikhombisa sibhekise isikhombisa sesihluzi sokukhetha umsebenzi (QoS) esebenzisa i-hardware ukuze sicatshange amaphepha angahlanganisi kakhulu noma kusobala ukuthi abanye amasebenzi aqondene ngokufanele. Izindlela ezinkulu zokuphatha izibhafu zisinda amaphepha ukuthi ashiywe phakathi kokuhlukaniswa kwemigqa, futhi ziqondisana ukuthi izilingo zokubhala ziyabhekise ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke izigaba zemigqa.

Ukukhula kwaye ukuyahlula ngokuzenzekelayo

Isikhombisa Sembhalo kanye Nezindlela Zokwenya

Izisombululo zesikhundla sesifundo kufanele sibone isigaba sokuthuthukisa ngokuzimisa ngezindlela zokubonakala ngokwesibonelo nangokwenza izinkampani. Izisombululo zesikhundla esizimele kwezindawo zokuphatha nokugcina zinconywa amaphathi okuhlanganisa nezinkampani zokuhlanganisa ukuze zongeze indawo yokubhinda nokunqamula. Isikhundla sesifundo sinconywa ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha izinto ezintsha njengezinkampani zokubhinda okuphezulu nokubhinda kokuvikela ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa izinkampani zokusebenza nangokusebenza kwesikhundla. Ukuplanisha ngokuphelele kwezindawo zokusebenza kusiza ukuthi izisombululo zesikhundla zinconywa i-ampere, ukuchitha, nokusebenza kwezinkampani ukuze zihlale zisebenza ngokuphelele.

Ukudibaniswa kwe-Software-Defined Networking

Izisombululo zeswitch esizindiza zikhiyise amathuba okusebenzisa umkhakha wokubhala isikhungu esinokuvumela ukuphatha kahle ngokwesibonelo nokuthatha izindlela zokusebenza yekhobwebhu. Lezi zisombululo zisivumela iziprotokholi zikaOpenFlow nezindlela zokudonsa ikhobwebhu ozinokuthatha ngokushesha okunokuvumela ukuthenga iziphetho ngokushesha nokuphatha ukuvuleka kwamandla. Isikhungu seswitch sinesibonelo esinomthelela okukhulu nesizindizo sokuzenzakalela esinokuhlanganisa nezifundo zokuthatha izindlela zokusebenza nezinhlelo zokuphatha ikhobwebhu. Izisombululo zeswitch esinezinhlelo zokusebenza ekhlabeni zikhiyise ukuvumela izindlela zokusebenza ezigcwele ozinokuhlanganisa izinkulungwane zezindawo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zakwezwe ngokugcwele ngokusebenzisa iziprothokholi zokuvula ngokushesha nezokubhala.

Amathuba Okuphatha Nokujabula

Ukubona Kwekhobwebhu Nobunjwa

Izisombululo zesikhombisa esibhekise kuzo zonke ziyinkimbinkimbi ezinamandla okubheka okunikeza izindlela ezide kubona ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi nokubhekana kwezindlela zokusebenza. Lezi sikhombisa siyasekelwa ngamaprothokholi okubheka okubhekise kumqondo wokusebenza njenge-sFlow ne-NetFlow okubhekisa amastatistikhi we-traffic ukubheka nokuzivikela. Izinkimbinkimbi zokubheka ngokushesha kuyenza abaphathi bethu bethu bakwazi ukubona izinkimbinkimbi zokusebenza kwe-sikhombisa kanye nezinkimbinkimbi zokusebenza kwezindawo, izinkimbinkimbi zokuchitha, nezinkimbinkimbi zokugcina. Iziphakamiso zokufunda ngokwemashini kusikhombisa esisha zibonisa izindlela zokusebenza ezingavumelekileyo kanye nezindlela zokuphatha ngokomlando okuvumela ukukhathala izinkinga zethu ngenethiwekhi kabefore kuthi kubonelela ukusebenza.

Ukuphatha kwezinkimbinkimbi nezokuzilungiselela

Izisombululo zesikhundla seswitch esinamandla kwe-Enterprise sibonisa ukuthi ukubhala izinkulumo zokufaka isikhundla kusobala ngokusebenzisa izifundo zokufaka futhi izindlela zokufaka ngokuzilotha (zero-touch provisioning). Lezi sikhundla sizisusa ukubhala izinkulumo kumaqanda amaningi ukuze sicinane ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zihlale zihlukene futhi sibophelele ukuthi kungabi nesikhundla sokuphatha. Izinkulumo zokubhala okunye nokubuyela emuva kuzoba zisivumela ukuthi kungabi nesikhundla sokubhala futhi izinhlelo zokubhala izithabathisa izinguquko futhi zisivumela ukubuyela emuva kusukaphansi kwezinguquko. Ukugxilwa kwezinkulumo zokubhala nezinhlelo zokuphatha izinkulumo futhi nezinhlelo zokubhala izinhlelo zokusebenza (infrastructure-as-code) zisivumela amaqanda asekhundleni ukuthi abhale izinkulumo zasekhundleni ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokusebenza ezisodwa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izinto eziphatha ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe kanjani ukuthi......

Izidingo zemiswichi yezindawo ziyaphendula kusukela kuzinombolo zezinto ezigxile, izivinini zokusebenza ezizokwenziwa, nokubhalwa kwezindlela zokuphanda emva. Izimiswichi zelayer yokuqonda kufune ukuthi zibe nezinombolo ephakeme zezindawo ukugxila izinto zokugcina, ngakho-ke izimiswichi zokuhlanganisa zifuna izindawo ezingaphezulu ezinkulu ukugxila kumiswichi eyodwa. Izimiswichi zokuphakama ziyasebenza ngokuthi zibe nezinombolo ephakeme zezindawo zokuthuthukisa okungakhathalelwa kuzinombolo zezindawo. Qaphela izithi zezinto, izidingo zokuthuthukisa, nokunakekela kwamandla xa uyadideka izindawo zezindawo zonke izilayiya.

Ukuthi izimbili zemiswichi ziyakhathazeka njani ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi

Izimbili zemiswichi ziyakhathazeka ngqo ukuthi zingakwazi njani ukuxhumana nezivinini zokusebenza futhi ukuvikela ukungabi nesikhumba phakathi kokungabi nesikhumba. Amabhafeli amakhulu ayagcina izikhumba ezingaphezulu phakathi kokungabi nesikhumba okufanayo kodwa kungakwazi ukuthi kungahleli isikhumba esiphakeme ekusebenzeni ngokuphelele. Izimiswichi zokugcina ziqondwa ukuthi zibe nabhafeli angaphezulu ngokuthi izivinini zokusebenza ziyahlukahluka, ngakho-ke izimiswichi zokuphakama zifuna amabhafeli amakhulu ukuxhumana nezivinini zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene ezifanayo kumaqembu amaningi.

Izinkulungwane zokubuyisela kuzo ziningi ngani ezidingekayo kulinye ilayiya yonke yenethiwekhi

Izinkinga zokubuyisela kuzo ziyakhuphuka ngenxa yokuthi ilayiya yenethiwekhi iyizingilizwe kakhulu. Amashini okufinyelela (access switches) angahlanganisa ukubuyisela kwemilayiya kuphela, ngakho amashini okugcina (aggregation switches) ayadinga imilayiya emibili yokuhamba phambili (dual uplinks) nokubuyisela kwemithombo yamandla. Amashini okuphakathi (core switches) ayadinga ukubuyisela kuzo konke kubantu, kusukela kumilayiya emibili yezindawo zokuphatha (dual control planes), izinto ezingasuswanga ngokushesha (hot-swappable components), nokwahlukaniswa kwemilayiya emibili noma ngaphezu kwalokho. Ubude bekukubuyisela kuzo kufanele kuhambisane nezinkinga zokuphatha kweziboni kanye nezintandokazi zokungabikho kwenethiwekhi.

Ukuthi iisiphekelo zeshini zihambisana njani neentlobo zezimboni zokufika

Izisombululo zesikhombisa esisheshayo sinezinkimbinkimbi zokusebenza kwezinsiza ezihlanganisa nokuhlela izithombe zezindawo ezahlukeneyo ngokwesifundo sezinto esizokufuna. Izithombe zolimi nesivideo zifumana ukuthi zibhalwe phambi kwezinye nakukhokho lokusebenza, futhi izithombe zedatha zisebenzisa ukusebenza kwakho okutholakala. Izigidi zesikhombisa esiphucukileyo sizisusa ukuthi zilungise izithombe, zikhiphe nokubhala izithombe, okuyindlela yokuvikela ukusebenza okuhle kwezinto ezingcono kakhulu ngelinye, ngakho kuzokuvikela ukufikelela okulinganayo kuzo zonke izindawo zokusebenza.