Izifunda zokubona ukuthi zinjani zizoba zingahleli uma kuthengwa izivithi ngokukhulu?

Ukuthenga kwezinhlangano zokusebenza kwezinkundla zokusebenza kuzodinga ukubheka kahle kwezinhlobo zokusebenza ukuze kuvunyelwe ukusebenza okuhle nokubuyisela okuhle kwemali. Uma izihlakani zokusebenza zokugxila zifakwa kusukela ku-100 kuya kuma-1000, kubalulekile ukwazi izinhlobo zokusebenza ezingabangela ubuncinane bezokusebenza. Umqondo wokuphendula kufanele wahlukanise izinhlobo zokusebenza, izinkinga zokubusa, nezimali zokusebenza ngomnyaka wokugcina. Izikhulisi zezindaba zokusebenza nezinhlangano zokusebenza zama-21 zidinga izinhlangano zokugxila ezinamandla ezingathola izinhlobo zokusebenza zokugxila okuphakeme futhi zibuyise izinhlobo zokusebenza nezinhlobo zokuhlinzekile.

Izinhlobo Zokusebenza Zokuphakeme Kwezinhlangano Umkhopha Ukufakwa

Izinhlobo Zokusebenza Nezinhlobo Zokusebenza

Isivinini sesikhundla sesibalo sibonisa isibalo esisisekelo sokuthi idatha yingakanani esithola kusihlwa esithi sisifunda ngokuhlanganisa. Isikhundla sezinhlelo zokusebenza zezindaba zokuphatha izinhlelo zokusebenza kufanele zibe nesibalo sokuthi sithola kusihlwa esithi sisifunda ngokuhlanganisa ngokwesikhathi esiphakeme ngaphandle kokukhipha isikhundla. Izimboni zokuthola kusihlwa ziyashicilela izinkampani zokuthola kusihlwa zokugcina nokuthola kusihlwa phakathi kwemibala yezindawo. Uma kubuyiselwa ngokukhulu, amazwe kufanele akhombise isibalo sokuthola kusihlwa sokugcina kuzonke izinkampani zokuthola kusihlwa nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Isihlwa esihle kufanele lisivume ukuthola kusihlwa ngokwesikhathi esiphakeme kuzonke izindawo ngokuhlanganisa, ukuvumela ukuthi idatha iyahamba ngokuthintana njengoba kusha kusihlwa esiphakeme.

Ukukhulu kwezikhombisa nezinkimbinkimbi zokuhlela kuvumela ukuthi iphepha lokusebenza kwe-network liyakwenzeka ngokuphelele. Amathuluzi amasha we-switch ayasebenzisa izikhombisa zezinye iziviso nezinhlobo zemidiya ngaphakathi kwesikhumba esifanayo, okuvumela amathuluzi ukuthi abhekise ukuxhumana ngokwesibonelo sezinto ezithile. Ukuqinisa izikhombisa ngokudlula phakathi kwezinye iziviso kuvumela ukuthi ubandwidth obuyena buyasebenziswe ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izizigaba zemibuffer nezindlela zokugcina izihlanu ziyakhuba kakhulu indlela okuyishwa ngayo i-switches ukuthi zihlawule izihlanu zokusebenza futhi ziqinisekise ubukhulu bekukhuseleko kwezinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ukungafani kwezikhathi ne-efisiyensi yokuprosesa izihlanu

Ukubhalwa kwezilinganiso zokuzimela kuyakubeka impacta ngqo kwenkqubo yezinkampani, ikakhulu kumaqondiso owesikhathi sobunzima noma kumaqondiso okwesikhathi sobunzima okuphakeme. Iindlela zokuguqula zokugcina-nokuthumela kunye nezokuguqula ngokugcina-kusuka kuyabika izilinganiso zokuzimela ezahlukeneyo kusukela kuze kufanele kubhekwe imizamo yonke yokugcina kwemithombo yonke. Imizamo yokuthenga amaswitch esikhangeli kufanele ibekele imidlalo yezilinganiso zokuzimela nokuzimela okwenzekayo ngamaphuzu amaningi njengekubhalwa kwezibali zokubhalwa ngokugcina noma iziphumo zokusebenza kwezinkinga zokuhlanganisa isikhathi. Amaswitch okuzimela okuphansi ayakunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwebhage ngokujabulisa ukuthi kubekwe inkxaso yokuqinisa nokubalwa kwezinhlelo zokuphatha.

Izinkokhelo zokuhlanza kwezinto zokufaka kuzo zokulinganisa izindlela zokusebenza kwezinkinga zokuphakama kwezinto zokufaka kuzo zizoba yinkumbu yokubona ukuthi iswitch iyasebenza ngokuphelele futhi ukuthi ukuphatha kwezibuffer kuyasebenza kangakanani. Iziswitch ezinobuchwepheshe bezisebenza ngokuphelele noma besebenza ngokuphelele kwezidingo zabo. Ukulinganisa kwezijitter kubalulekile kakhulu kuma-applications okukhomba amazwi nezivideo, lapho ukulinganisa kwezinkokhelo kuyadumisa ukuthi umsebenzi wasebenzisi uyasebenza ngokuphelele. Amathuluzi athi asetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuvakashela kwezinye izinhlangano ziyadinga iziswitch ezinamaphuzu okuphatha izinhlangano nokuphakamisa izinhlangano ukuze abe nesikhathi sokusebenza esihle kuzo zonke izinhlangano.

Ukuphakama kanye nezinhlangano zokuphatha

Ukuphakama kwezimboni kanye nezinhlangano zokuphakama

Izidingo zokuphakanyiswa kuzoba ngaphezulu kokuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe kuqala, ukuze kusivikeleke ukuthi kuzoba kusebenza kusasa nokuthi kuzoba kuguqula teknoloji. I-architectures zeswitch ezihlukanisiwe zinika umlando wokudibanisa amandla ngaphandle kokukhathazeka kwemithombo yonke, ngakho kunciphisa ukuthenga kwesikhathi eside. Amathuluzi okuhlanganisa ayinika indlela yokusebenzisa iziswitch eziningi ngokwesibonelo sokubili ngokujabulisana njengomuntu omnye, ngakho kuyenza ukuphatha kubalulekile futhi kuyiza amandla okuthenga. Uma kuthengwa iziswitch zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane ezingabi ngekhanda, ukubheka izindlela zokuvuselela nokugcina ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kubhekwe ngaphansi kweminyaka yezinye ziyinkambo zokuthenga kuyinhloso yokuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kubhekwe ngaphansi kweminyaka yezinye.

Izintechinoloji zokuguqula kwe-virtual nezinkimbinkimbi zokusebenzisa umkhakha wokuhlela umkhakha (SDN) zihlaziya ukwakha kakhulu ngokuphulaphula izinkinga zokusebenza kwemikhakha yezinto eziphakathi kwezinhlobo zokuhlela umkhakha. Izindlela zokusebenza kwezikhakha ezide zisupporta iziprothokholi zokuhlela umkhakha ngokufanayo okuzosiza ekusakheni kwemikhakha emithandabuzeni futhi ekusakheni kwezinhlobo zokusebenza kwezinkimbinkimbi. Izinkhisho zokuxhumana ne-cloud zisiza ekukhawaniseni kwezinhlobo zokusebenza kwezikhakha ezihlukaniswe, okunciphisa ubuningi bekusebenza ngaphandle kokubeka isibonelo sokugcinwa nesivumelwano sezinkimbinkimbi. umkhopha izindlela zokusebenza okufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuphathwa kwezinhlobo zokuhlela umkhakha zokusebenza kwezindustria nezinxhumano nezinhlobo zokuhlela umkhakha esebenzayo.

Isikhundla Sokuhlela Futhi Isixhumanisi Sokwenza Ngokuzenzakalelayo

Ukuphatha kwe-network esitsha kufuna izinkhambi zokuzisusa ngokwemvelo ezinkulu ukuze ziphathwe ngokulinganayo imithombo yezikhundla zokubeka. Izindlela zokufaka amagama (CLI), izinkampani zokuphatha ezise-web, nezinkampani zokufaka amagama ngokwemvelo (API) zinconywa izinhlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufinyelela kwezinkampani nokuhlanganisa ukuzisusa. Izinkampani zokuphatha kwe-network ziyasebenza ngokuthi zibheka izindlela zokuphatha eziphathelene ngezikhundla zokubeka ukuze zihlekele nezikhundla zokubeka kwezindawo eziphakeme. Ukuphatha ngokugcina phakathi kwesifunda sokuphatha kususa amaphutha okubeka futhi kuvumela ukuthi isifunda sokuphatha kusenziwe ngokulinganayo kuzonke izinkampani zokuphatha.

Amathuluzi nezinkundla zokujabuliswa zinakubiza ukubona ngokushesha kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwe-switch nezinkulungwane zokusebenzisa. Amaphlatformi amahle kwe-switch ayisusa iziprothokholi zokuthumela amathuluzi okusuka ku-"streaming" okunakubiza imininingwane yezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkundla zokujabuliswa kwenethiwekhi. Ukukhula kwezindatshana zokugcina kanye nokujabulisa kuzo kunezinkundla zokuplanisha ukusebenza kwezinkulungwane kanye nokuplanisha ngokobudlelwane nokufaka isikhathi sokuhlinzekisa ngokomlando. Amazwe osebenzayo emiseni yamaphakathi enethiwekhi engakhulu abenefitha kwezinkulungwane ezinakuxhumana ngokushesha nezinkundla zokujabuliswa eziphakathi kanye nokubiza ukubona kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane, izilinganiso zokuchithwa, nezinkinga zokhuseleko.

Ukusebenza Kwamandla kanye Nezinkinga Zokuhlakanipha Kwezinsuku

Ukusebenza Kwamandla kanye Nezinkinga Zokuhlakanipha Kwezinsuku

Ukusebenzisa umthelela kubhekise kumalungu okusebenza, ikakhulu emizini yedatha enkulu lapho izikhundla zezikhundla zingama-100 zisebenza ngokuphambuka. Izikhundla ezinamandla amancane zisula imali yokusebenzisa umthelela futhi zilahlela ukunqoba kwezinkumbulo kanye nokuthinteka kwesibonelo. Izinkundla zokusebenzisa umthelela kwi-Ethernet zihlukana kumalungu okusebenza wokusebenzisa umthelela lapho kusetyenziswa izinto eziphambukayo njengezikhundla zokufinyelela kwe-wireless kanye nezikhundla zokuxhumana nge-IP. Izikhundla zezikhundla zasezinsukwini zasezinsukwini zisethemba izinkundla zokudala umthelela ozinhle okuzokwenza ukuthinteka kwezinkundla ngokuphambuka kwezinkundla kanye nokuthinteka kwemithombo yezikhundla.

Ukuqondisa kwezinkinga zokuphatha ukuthawala kanye nokukhula kwezinkampani zikuthintela ukuplanisha kwezinkampani zokusebenza kanye nokuthawala kwemali yokusebenza. Ukufakwa kwezinkampani zokuhlanganisa ezinkulu kwenza ukuthawala okukhulu okufanele kubhalwe ngamaphoynti okukhula okufanele. Ukudesigna kwezinhlobo zokulula kokulula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezifani zokuguqula isikhathi sokusebenza kusiza ukuthenga ukukhula ngokuphelele futhi ukunciphisa izinkomo zokushusha emazini wokusebenza. Amathuthu athatha izinqumo ezinkulu ngokufakwa kwezinkampani zokuhlanganisa kufanele abhekele izinkinga zokuthawala kwamandla kanye nokuvumela ukuthi izinkampani zokuthawala kanye nezinkampani zokukhula zibe yisibonelo sokuthola ukuthawala okuphelele kwemisebenzi yokusebenza.

Ukuzimisela kwezinkinga zokuphatha umhlaba kanye nezinkinga zokubaluleka

Amathikiti okuhlanzwa kwezinhloso zemvelo nokubhalwa kwezinhloso zokuxhumana kuzinikeza ukuthi izikhundla zihlakaniphe kuzo zonke izimo zokusebenza. Izincazelo zokuphatha kwezintempuretha nezinhlobo zomvumelwano zokuhlukahluka kuzoba yizinto ezingaphansi kwezinkimbinkimbi zokugcina izikhundla kwezinhloso zokusebenza noma kuzoba yizinto ezingaphansi kwezinhloso zokugcina izikhundla kwezinhloso zokusebenza. Ukuphatha kwezikhundla kwezintshiselwano nezinhlobo zokuhlukahluka kuzoba yizinto ezingaphansi kwezinhloso zokusebenza kwezikhundla ezisetyenziswa kwezinhloso zokusebenza kwezindustria noma kwezinhloso zokusebenza kwezinhloso zokuhamba. Isikhathi esisodwa phakathi kwamaphuzu, futhi ukubhalwa kwezinhloso zokuhlela kuzinikeza umbono wokuthi izikhundla ziyasemthethweni kakhulu kanye nokuthi kuzoba yikuphi isikhathi sokusebenza kanye nokuthi kuzoba yikuphi isikhathi sokuhlela kwezinhloso zokusebenza.

Izinkhomo zokubuyela emuva kanye nezinkhomo zokuguqula kusuka kumsebenzi ziyakunciphisa izinkinga zokungasebenzi kwezindawo ezingaphandle kwezinye. Izinkhomo zokusebenza ngemithambo emibili yezimboni, izinto ezinokugcina ngokushesha, kanye nezinkhomo zokuhlanganisa izilinki ziyabeka amathuba amaningi okukhathala kwemiphumela yezinkinga. Ukuphila kwenethiwekhi kuyidepende kuthembeka kwe-switch kanye nokwazi ukudlula ukugcina ukuxhumana ngemiphumela yezinkinga zemithambo noma ngemisebenzi yokulungisa. Amazwe ongakhathali ukuthi amaswitch ayo ayithembekile kakhulu futhi abe nemibono yothembeka phakathi kwezindlela zokusetshenziswa ezifanayo.

Imiboniso yokuphepha nokuhlanganiswa

Izinkhomo Zokuvikela Ukuhlanganisa Kanye Nezinkhomo Zokuthola Ubunye

Imithwalo yekhompuyutha yokuhlinzekwa kwenethiwekhi kuyibhekisela ekhetheni kwezinkhombolo zokubhala izinkampani zokuphatha amathuluzi nesifundo sokuphatha nokuvumela ngokukhethekile. Ukuvumela kwe-IEEE 802.1X kwenethiwekhi kuyinika ukuvumela kuphela amathuluzi atholakalayo ukufinyelela emiseni yekhompuyutha. Izinsimu zokuvumela ngokwezinqumo ziyabiza ukuphatha okuchanekile kokuvumela kwezinkqubo zokuphatha nokuvumela kwezinkampani zokusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Ukuvumela ngamaphuzu amabili (multi-factor authentication) kuyakhula isikhungo sokuhlinzekwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha futhi kunciphisa imiphumela yokuhlukaniswa kwezincwadi zokuvuma.

Izinkhomo zokuhlanganisa inkampani zisiza izimpahla ukuthi zihlale ngokwesibonelo isimo sokubhekana nesikhathi esihlukene futhi zithathe izindlela zokusekela okungafanele kwe-zero-trust. Izintonga zezilayini zezivili (VLAN) nezinhlobo zezilayini zezivili ezizigcina ngokwesibonelo sezithakazelo sezithakazelo noma izithakazelo zezinto zokusebenza zisiza ukuthi zibheke iziphakamiso zokusekela ngokufushane. Izinkhomo zokuhlanganisa ngokuphelele zisiza ukuthi ziqinisekise ukulawula isikhathi ngokuphelele phakathi kwezinto zokusebenza noma izihloko zokusebenza. Ukusebenzisa izikhundla zokusekela zezikhundla eziphelele zisiza ukuthi zihlanganise nezinkhomo zokuphatha izithakazelo nezinkhomo zokugcina isikhathi ngokuphelele.

Ukubheka Isikhathi nokuthola izinkinga

Amathuluzi okukhokha kwezikhungo zokugcina isigaba esithile ayinika ukuthi kubhekwe ngokushesha ukuthi kunezinkinga zokugcina futhi ukuthi kwenziwe iziphumo ngaphandle kokuthenga izinkampani zezinto ezinzima. Amathuluzi okukhokha kwezibhalo zokugcina (deep packet inspection) ayithola izindlela zokuphatha kwemithambo yokuhambisa okungasemthwakweni nokuthi kunezinkinga zokugcina. Ukuchaza ukuthi kusethelwa kwenhliziyo yekhwalithi yonke yekhwalithi (network behavior analysis) kusiza ekutholeni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingavumelekile nokuthi kungabikho izinto ezizwelelayo noma izinkinga zokugcina ezisuka kuze kufana nezinto zokugcina zomphakathi. Ukukhokha kwezikhungo zokugcina kwe-switch kusiza ekubhekweni kwekhwalithi yaseNtshona-kuMzansi (east-west traffic) okungazange kubhekwe ngamakhonkothi asekhanda yekhwalithi yaseNtshona-kuMzansi.

Amathuluzi okuphatha ukubhalwa kwezinkinga zokuphatha nokubhalwa kwemibono yokuqonda kusiza ekuthinthekeni izinkinga zokuphatha kanye nezinkinga zokuphatha kwendawo. Ukubhalwa okujulile kwezinguquko zokugcina, izimfundiso zokufinyelela, kanye nezinkumbulo zokuphatha kusiza ekuchazweni kwezinkinga kanye nokubonisa ukuthi kuyaphatha ngokwesifundo. Amathuluzi okuphatha ukubhalwa kwezinkinga okwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo kusiza ekuthinthekeni ukuthi izinguquko zokugcina ziyaphatha ngokwesifundo sokuphatha esidingekayo ngemva kwalokho. Amakhaya okuphatha emizini yezinkinga zokuphatha kufanele abe nesikhundla esiphambili emithuluzini yokugcina eneneyo yokubhalwa kwezinkinga zokuphatha kanye nezinkumbulo ezinconywa ngokuphambuka kwezinkinga zokuphatha zokugcina kanye nezinkinga zokuphatha zokugcina.

Ukuphatha Ukholwa Kwemali kanye Nezimboni Zokuphatha Ngokuphelele

Ukuchaza Kokuvula Kwemali Yokuqala

Umkhokha wokuthenga uyisibonelo esinye kupha kubuninzi bekholi yokuqina kwezinto zokusebenza kwezikhundla ngaphandle kwezikhundla zokusebenza. Amathuluzi kufanele abheke izindleko zokugcina amasiko okusebenza, izindleko zokuhlonipha izinkampani zokusebenza, nezindleko zokuguqula uma bahlala bakhokha izinto ezibalulekile. Ukuphendula kwezindleko zokuthenga ngokubanzi nokuvumela ukuthi izikhundla zokusebenza zibe yisibonelo esifanayo kungahleli kunciphisa izindleko zokuthenga ngalokho kwezikhundla ezingaphezulu. Izindleko zokuthenga ngokwemali nesikhundla sokuguqula kusobala kumthwalo wemali nokuthatha isikhundla sokuguqula kwezinto zokusebenza kumathuluzi okuthanda ukuthuthukisa.

Izimodeli zokulicenza izinto eziphathelene nezinkampani zokuphatha izikhundla zihlukana kakhulu phakathi kwezinkampani zokuphatha izikhundla futhi zinokuthinta izindleko zokusebenza ngemva kwezinsuku. Amaphulimi amaningi ayifaka zonke izinto ezithile kwisandla sokubuyisela, ngakho-ke amanye ayadinga izilicenzi ezahlukene ukufuna izinto eziphelele. Izivumelwano zokuphatha isoftware ziyabulawa ukufuna izibuyekezo zokuhlinzekisa isecurity nokuthola izinto ezintsha ngalokho kuzo zonke izinsuku zokusebenza kwezikhundla. Amaphutha kufanele abhekise izinto eziphathelene nabo njengoba baze bengezinye ngokwesibonelo futhi zizinye ngokwesibonelo zokuthanda ukuthi zibe yizinto eziphathelene nabo ngokwesibonelo ngokuhlukanisa izimodeli zokulicenza nezindleko zokugcina.

Izindleko Zokusebenza Nezindleko Zokuphatha

Izindlela zokusebenza eziqhubekayo ziyafaka ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, izinkinga zokuchitha, nokuthintana kwezindaba zokuphatha nokuhlela isikhombisa. Izindlela zokusebenza esihlelweni sokukhula kwezikhombisa zisula izindlela zokuthenga amandla ngemva kwezikhombisa, okuyisisekelo esibalulekile kubaphathi abaningi. Izinkundla zokuphatha ngendlela engaphandle zisula izinkinga zokuhlela emhlabeni futhi izindlela zokuthenga amandla okuhamba kwebaphathi abadlulayo. Izinkundla zokuhlela ngokwesibonelo zisula izindlela zokuphatha nokuhlala kwezikhombisa futhi zisula izindlela zokuhlala kwezikhombisa ngokungafanele.

Izidingo zokufunda abasebenzi nezingxenye eziphambili zokusebenza ziyathintana nokuthintana kwezindlela zokusiza ngemikhakha yezibonelo. Ukuzimisa izibonelo zezibonelo ezifanayo kuzimelela ukuthintana kwezindlela zokufunda futhi kuzisimplifya izindlela zokuzilungisa izinkinga. Ukuthabatha izicatshulwa eziningi nezindlela zokusiza abasebenzi bokuthengisa kuzimelela ukuthintana kwezindlela zokufunda abasebenzi abasha. Amaphoyisa kufanele abhekele ingxenye yezokusebenza nezingxenya zokufunda abasebenzi xa bahlalela izibonelo zezibonelo nezindlela zokuphatha kuzo kumaqondo amaningi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izibandwidth zezincwadi zokubhalwa zizifani nini amaphoyisa kufanele zibhekele xa bahlalela izibonelo kumaqondo amaningi?

Amaphutha kumele aqondise ukuthi kubani ukukhokha kwesikhundla sokuguqula, izimboni zokugcina ngalokho ngalokho, nokholwa kwezibhanki xa kubhekwa iziphakamiso zesibandla. Isikhundla sokuguqula kumele lisivumele ukugcina ngokwesikhundla kuwo wonke amaport ngokuhlanganisa ukuze lishintishe amaphakade ekupheleni kwezidingo. Ukuguqula kwezibhanki kumele kube yinto esebenzayo ukwenza ukuthi izindlela zokugcina zibe nempilo futhi ukuthi ubungako bokusebenza kuzobonakala ngokwesibonelo esihlukene. Ngapandle kwalokho, qhathanisa izidingo zokuphakama kwezibandla ezizayo futhi qinisekisa ukuthi isikhundla sokuguqula esisayishwe siyakwamukela izindlela zokugcina eziphakamile ngaphandle kokufuna ukubuyisela kabusha.

Izimboni zokusebenzisa amandla zikuthintela kanjani ukuvalelwa kwesikhundla sokugcina ngokuphelele kwezikhundla ezingabi ngezinkulungwane?

Ukusebenzisa umthelela kubangela izindleko zokusebenza ngokwesibonelo ngenxa yezindleko zokusebenzisa i-electricity nokunqamuka, kusukela kuzo zinkulungwane zezixhobo ezingaphakathi kwemithombo yedatha. Izixhobo zokugcina umthelela zinokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ngo-20–30% kulandela izixhobo ezihlukene ngokupheleleyo kwezinsuku ezingu-5. Iziphumo zokusebenzisa i-Power over Ethernet (PoE) zinakubangela ukuguqula kwezindleko zomthelela ngokujulile xa zisivumela izixhobo ezisambekayo. Amathuba ayodwa kufanele abhekise izindleko zomthelela zonke, kufuneka zikwazi ukunqamuka okuhlanganisiwe, ukuze bakhokhle izindleko zokusebenza ngokudlulayo.

Izifunda zokuvikela ziphi eziningi kakhulu kuma-switch esebenziswa emithambo yezindustria eziyilawuliwe?

Izindustri eziphathelwe zidinga izikhundla ezingenakho ukufinyelela kuzo ngokuphelele, izinkampani zokubhala amagama, nokuthenga izinkampani zokubhala izibonelo esizini. Ukubhala amagama okuqukethwe kwe-IEEE 802.1X, ukuphatha ukufinyelela ngokwesifundo, nokuthenga ukugxilwa kwemithombo yekhompuyutha kusiza ekuthengeni izinkampani zokuvikela. Izinkampani zokubhala izibonelo zokuvikela ukuthi kwenziwe isiphumo sokubhala, ukulandela ukuguqula ukubhala, nokubhala izinkampani zokuvikela zisiza ekuthengeni izinkampani zokuvikela nezinkampani zokubhala. Ukuxhuma kwezinkampani zokuvikela ezengeziwe nezinkampani zokuphatha izigama zokufinyelela kusiza ekuthengeni ukuthi kwenziwe isiphumo sokubhala ngokuphelele kwezinkampani zokuvikela.

Kufanele izimpahla ziphinde zihlale njani ukubhala ukuthi kungakanani ukuthi izikhundla ziyisiphi kuzo ukuthi kuzobhekwa kwezinkampani ezingaphezulu?

Ukubalwa kwezinkinga zokomandela kufanele kubhekiselele emisiko yokuqhubeka kwemithombo, imithombo yokomandela eyodwa, nokuthi abantu bakhuluma ngokupheleleyo. Imithombo yezikhundla ezintsha kufanele ibe nemithombo yokuqhubeka engaphandle, imithombo yokuqhubeka eyodwa, nokuhlanganiswa nezinkampani zokuphatha umkhakha. Balani ubude bekukhona kwezinkampani zokuphatha abantu bakhuluma ngokupheleleyo nokuthi izindlela zokufunda zika-ven-dor ziyatholakala na. Amazwe abenefiti kumithombo yezikhundla okuyibonisa imithombo yezikhundla eziyincane yezikhundla zokuphatha ngokwesihloko futhi imithombo yokuqhubeka eyenkulu yezikhundla zokuphatha ngokwesihloko.